📊 Electronic Presentations

Chapter 8 - ICT Grade 10

🎯 Introduction

Electronic presentations are powerful tools for sharing ideas, opinions, and knowledge with audiences. This chapter covers creating professional multimedia presentations using presentation software like Microsoft PowerPoint and LibreOffice Impress.

Key Learning Outcomes:
  • Understanding what presentations are
  • Characteristics of quality presentations
  • Creating multimedia presentations
  • Working with slides, animations, and transitions
  • Inserting images, videos, and audio

📽️ 8.1 What is a Presentation?

A presentation is a method of sharing views, opinions, ideas, and knowledge with a larger group using various techniques, methods, gestures, and tools.

Evolution of Presentation Tools

Overhead Projector
Figure 8.1.1 - Overhead Projector (OHP)

Traditional Tools:

Tool Features Limitations
Overhead Projector (OHP) • Uses transparent sheets
• Can write during presentation
• Simple to use 		• Cannot erase and reuse sheets
• No audio/video support
• Pre-preparation needed
Slide Projector • Uses photographic slides
• High image quality
• Professional look 		• Complex slide preparation
• Lab processing required
• No audio/video support
Slide Projector
Figure 8.1.2 - Slide Projector

Modern Tools - Multimedia Projector

Advantages of Multimedia Projectors:
  • Quick presentation creation using computers
  • Support for multimedia content (audio, video, images)
  • Easy editing and updates
  • Interactive features
  • Portable and efficient
Multimedia Projector
Figure 8.1.3 - Multimedia Projector

Multimedia Content Types:

  • Text (numbers and letters)
  • Pictures and graphics
  • Images and photographs
  • Movies and videos
  • Tables and graphs
  • Voice and sound

⭐ 8.2 Characteristics of Quality Presentations

1. Number of Lines

Optimal: 6-9 lines per slide
More lines make reading difficult and may require smaller fonts.

2. Font Size

Recommended: 32 points or larger
Consider the distance between screen and audience.

3. Grammar and Language

Always double-check:
  • Spelling accuracy
  • Grammar correctness
  • Language appropriateness

4. Images, Drawings, Tables, and Graphs

Maximum: 2 per slide
Too many visual elements can confuse the audience.

5. Use of Colors

  • Use dark colors and bold text for emphasis
  • Avoid using dark red throughout (uncomfortable for eyes)
  • Use red sparingly for important points
  • Pay attention to background-foreground contrast

6. Animations and Videos

Ideal: One animation or video per slide
Multiple animations can cause sound overlap and confusion.

7. Target Audience

Important Considerations:
  • Meet audience objectives
  • Avoid distracting elements
  • Keep focus on main message
  • Age-appropriate content

💻 8.3 Presentation Software

Software that helps create presentations with multimedia content.

Popular Presentation Software

Microsoft PowerPoint

Proprietary

Microsoft Corporation

LibreOffice Impress

Open Source

Document Foundation

OpenOffice Impress

Open Source

Apache Corporation

Apple Keynote

Proprietary

Apple Inc.

Corel Presentation

Proprietary

Corel Corporation

Google Slides

Web-based

Google

Online Alternatives:
  • MS Office 365 PowerPoint
  • Google Presentations
  • Microsoft SkyDrive PowerPoint

These allow cloud storage and access without local installation.

🎨 8.4 Microsoft PowerPoint Interface

Starting PowerPoint

  • Start → All Programs
  • Microsoft Office
  • Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2010
    • PowerPoint Interface
    Figure 8.4.1 - Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 Workspace

    Interface Components

    1. Quick Access Toolbar

    Located on the left side of the title bar. Provides quick access to frequently used commands. Customizable based on user needs.

    2. Title Bar

    Displays presentation name and software name. Contains Minimize, Maximize/Restore, and Close buttons.

    3. Tabs and Ribbon

    The toolbar is organized into tabs (Home, Insert, Design, etc.). Each tab contains groups of related tools represented by icons.

    PowerPoint Ribbon
    Figure 8.4.2 - PowerPoint Ribbon

    4. Slide Pane

    Vertical pane on the left showing slide thumbnails. Click any slide to edit it in the main workspace.

    5. Workspace

    Main area where presentations are created and edited.

    6. Task Pane

    Useful for adding features like animations to the presentation.

    7. Notes Pane

    Add speaker notes (not visible to audience during presentation).

    8. Status Bar

    Shows slide number, total slides, and selected language.

    9. View Options

    • Normal View: Default editing view
    • Slide Sorter View: See all slides as thumbnails, reorder easily
    • Reading View: Preview slides clearly
    • Slide Show: Full-screen presentation mode (F5 key)
    View Options
    Figure 8.4.3 - View Options

    10. Zoom Control

    Zoom in or out of slides for better viewing.

    📝 8.5 LibreOffice Impress Interface

    Starting LibreOffice Impress

  • Start → All Programs
  • LibreOffice 4.1
  • LibreOffice Impress
    • LibreOffice Impress Interface
    Figure 8.5.1 - LibreOffice Impress Workspace

    Interface Components

    Tasks Pane Components

    • Master Pages: Choose presentation styles and themes
    • Layouts: Select from saved slide layouts
    • Table Design: Styling options for tables
    • Custom Animation: Add, change, or remove animations
    • Slide Transition: Control slide transition effects, speed, and sound
    Tasks Pane
    Figure 8.5.2 - Tasks Pane

    Drawing Toolbar

    Provides tools for creating shapes, lines, and drawings on slides.

    🛠️ 8.6 Working with Presentations

    Setting Slide Size

  • PowerPoint: Design → Page Setup
  • Impress: Format → Page
  • Adjust slide type, dimensions, and orientation

    • Choosing Themes and Layouts

    Microsoft PowerPoint:

    • Home → New Slide or Layout → Office Theme
    • Select from available templates
    • Use "Reuse Slides" to apply themes from existing presentations
    Office Theme
    Figure 8.6.3 - Office Theme Selection

    LibreOffice Impress:

    • Format → Slide Layout → Layout
    • Format → Slide Layout → Master Pages (for pre-designed themes)
    Slide Layouts
    Figure 8.6.4 - Slide Layouts

    Adding Title Slide

    Select Title Slide layout and add your presentation title and subtitle.

    Title Slide
    Figure 8.6.5 - Title Slide Example

    Saving Presentations

  • File → Save As
  • Choose folder location
  • Enter file name
  • Click Save

    • Opening Existing Presentations

  • Start presentation software
  • File → Open
  • Navigate to saved presentation
  • Select and open the file

    • Slide Backgrounds

    PowerPoint:

    • Design → Background Styles
    • Background → Format Background (for colors, shapes, images)
    Background Styles
    Figure 8.6.6 - Background Styles

    Impress:

    • Format → Page → Background
    • Add colors, gradients, or images

    Adding Text to Slides

    Using Placeholders:

    Click on areas marked "CLICK TO ADD TITLE" or "CLICK TO ADD TEXT" and start typing.

    Adding Text Without Placeholders:

  • PowerPoint: Insert → TextBox
  • Impress: View → ToolBars → Drawing → Text tool
  • Click and drag on slide to create text box
  • Type your text

    • Inserting Objects

    Shapes/Objects:

  • PowerPoint: Insert → Shape
  • Impress: View → Tool Bars → Drawing
  • Select desired shape
  • Drag on slide to create
  • Resize using corner handles
    • Resizing Shapes
    Figure 8.6.8 - Resizing Objects with Handles

    Changing Shape Colors:

    • PowerPoint: Right-click shape → Format Shape
    • Impress: View → Tool Bars → Line and Filling

    Inserting Clip Art/Gallery:

  • PowerPoint: Insert → Clip Art → Search and insert
  • Impress: Tools → Gallery → Drag images to slide

    • Inserting Pictures:

  • PowerPoint: Insert → Picture
  • Impress: Insert → Picture → From File
  • Browse and select image
  • Resize as needed

    • Slide Transitions

    Control how slides change from one to another.

    PowerPoint:

    • Transitions Tab → Select transition style
    • Effect Options → Choose direction
    • Sound → Add sound effects
    • Apply to All → Apply same transition to all slides

    Impress:

    • Format → Slide Layout → Slide Transition
    • Apply to Selected Slide → Choose transition
    • Modify Transition → Speed, Sound, Advance options
    • Apply to All Slides → Make uniform transitions

    Adding Animations

    Apply animations to text, shapes, images, and other objects.

    PowerPoint:

  • Select object to animate
  • Animation → Select animation effect
  • Timing → Set Start (On Click/With Previous/After Previous)
  • Duration/Delay → Control timing
  • Animation Pane → Manage all animations
    • Animation Timing
    Figure 8.6.10 - Animation Timing Options

    Impress:

  • Select object to animate
  • Format → Slide Layout → Custom Animation
  • Add → Choose animation type (Entrance, Emphasis, Exit, Motion Paths)
  • Change or Remove → Modify existing animations
    • Custom Animation
    Figure 8.6.11 - Custom Animation Panel

    Inserting Audio

    PowerPoint:

    • Insert → Media → Audio
    • Audio from File → Browse and select audio file
    • Clip Art Audio → Use built-in sounds
    • Record Audio → Record using microphone

    Impress:

    • Insert → Movie and Sound
    • Select audio file
    • Apply animation to audio clip
    • Can also insert recorded audio

    Inserting Video

    PowerPoint:

    • Insert → Media → Video
    • Video from File → Select local video
    • Video from Web Site → Embed online video
    • Clip Art Video → Use built-in videos

    Impress:

    • Insert → Movie and Sound
    • Browse and select video file
    • Resize video as needed
    • Apply animations to video

    Printing Presentations

    File → Print

    PowerPoint Print Options:

    • Printer → Select connected printer
    • Settings → Choose slides to print (All, Current, Custom)
    • Print Layout → Slides, Handouts, Notes, Outline
    • Color options → Color, Grayscale, Black & White
    PowerPoint Printing
    Figure 8.6.12 - PowerPoint Print Dialog

    Impress Print Options:

    • General → Printer → Select printer
    • Range and copies → All slides or specific range
    • Number of copies → Specify quantity
    • Print → Document options (Slides, Handouts, Notes, Outline)
    Impress Printing
    Figure 8.6.13 - LibreOffice Impress Print Dialog

    Handout Printing:

    Benefits of Handouts:
    • Provide printed copies to audience
    • Allow note-taking beside slides
    • Useful reference material
    • Multiple slides per page (2, 3, 4, 6, or 9)
    Handout Example
    Figure 8.6.14 - Handout Layout Example

    💡 10 Practical Examples

    Example 1: School History Presentation

    Scenario: Create a presentation showcasing your school's history for ICT Day.

    Steps:

    1. Choose professional theme (Design → Themes)
    2. Title slide with school name and emblem
    3. Timeline slides showing key milestones
    4. Insert historical photos (Insert → Picture)
    5. Add subtle animations to emblem (Animation → Entrance)
    6. Use consistent color scheme matching school colors
    7. Include video clips of school events
    8. Add slide transitions (Fade or Push)

    Example 2: Science Project on Solar System

    Scenario: Present your science project on planets.

    Steps:

    1. Dark background theme for space effect
    2. Insert planet images with captions
    3. Create orbit animation using Motion Paths
    4. Add comparative table for planet sizes
    5. Include audio narration for each planet
    6. Use bold, white text for visibility (32pt minimum)
    7. Maximum 7 lines per slide
    8. Add video clip of space exploration

    Example 3: Business Product Launch

    Scenario: Launch presentation for new product.

    Steps:

    1. Modern, professional template
    2. Company logo on every slide (Insert → Header & Footer)
    3. Product images with zoom animation
    4. Bar charts showing market research
    5. Video testimonials from beta testers
    6. Pricing table with emphasis on key features
    7. Call-to-action slide with contact information
    8. Automatic slide timing (5 seconds per slide)

    Example 4: Environmental Awareness Campaign

    Scenario: Presentation on climate change for community.

    Steps:

    1. Green-themed color scheme
    2. Striking images of environmental issues
    3. Graphs showing climate data trends
    4. Animated infographics about recycling
    5. Video clips of affected wildlife
    6. Action steps with checkmark bullets
    7. Sound effects for emphasis (sparingly)
    8. QR code slide linking to resources

    Example 5: Math Concepts Tutorial

    Scenario: Explain Pythagorean theorem to classmates.

    Steps:

    1. Clean, minimal design for focus
    2. Insert geometric shapes (Insert → Shapes)
    3. Step-by-step animations revealing formula
    4. Color-coded triangles (red, blue, green)
    5. Practice problems on separate slides
    6. Answers appear with click animation
    7. Use large fonts (40pt for formulas)
    8. Summary slide with key takeaways

    Example 6: Book Review Presentation

    Scenario: Present a book review for literature class.

    Steps:

    1. Theme matching book's genre/mood
    2. Book cover image on title slide
    3. Author biography with photo
    4. Plot summary using bullet points (6-8 lines)
    5. Character profiles with images
    6. Favorite quotes with emphasis animation
    7. Rating system with star graphics
    8. Background music related to book theme

    Example 7: Sports Event Highlights

    Scenario: Showcase school sports day achievements.

    Steps:

    1. Energetic, bold color scheme
    2. Action photos from events
    3. Video highlights of key moments
    4. Results table with winner names
    5. Animated medal icons (gold, silver, bronze)
    6. Slideshow of participant photos
    7. Upbeat background music
    8. Thank you slide for organizers

    Example 8: Cultural Heritage Presentation

    Scenario: Present Sri Lankan cultural traditions.

    Steps:

    1. Traditional color palette (saffron, red, gold)
    2. Photos of cultural festivals
    3. Map showing cultural regions
    4. Traditional music clips
    5. Video of traditional dances
    6. Costume images with descriptions
    7. Food gallery slide
    8. Fade transitions for smooth flow

    Example 9: Career Day Presentation

    Scenario: Present career options in IT field.

    Steps:

    1. Professional business template
    2. Career path flowchart
    3. Photos of professionals at work
    4. Salary comparison charts
    5. Required skills checklist
    6. Educational pathway timeline
    7. Video interviews with IT professionals
    8. Interactive Q&A slide

    Example 10: Health & Fitness Guide

    Scenario: Presentation on healthy lifestyle for students.

    Steps:

    1. Fresh, vibrant color scheme (greens, blues)
    2. Food pyramid diagram
    3. Exercise demonstration videos
    4. Weekly meal plan table
    5. Before/after comparison images
    6. Benefits list with animated checkmarks
    7. Sleep schedule infographic
    8. Motivational quotes with emphasis

    🎯 10 Learning Activities

    Activity 1: Compare Presentation Tools

    Task: Create a comparison table listing differences between traditional (OHP, Slide Projector) and electronic presentations. Include pros and cons of each. Write how you can use electronic presentations in your studies.

    Expected Output: A detailed comparison document with at least 5 points for each category.

    Activity 2: Multimedia Content List

    Task: Make a comprehensive list of all possible multimedia content types that can be included in electronic presentations. Categorize them as: Text, Visual, Audio, Video, Interactive.

    Expected Output: Categorized list with examples for each type.

    Activity 3: Quality Presentation Checklist

    Task: Create a checklist of all important points needed for an effective presentation. Design this as a one-page reference guide that you can use before creating any presentation.

    Expected Output: Professional checklist with all 7 quality characteristics.

    Activity 4: Presentation Software Research

    Task: Search online and find features of presentation software not covered in class (e.g., MS Office 365 PowerPoint, Google Slides, Prezi). Create a feature comparison table.

    Expected Output: Table comparing at least 4 different software with 8-10 features each.

    Activity 5: My First Presentation

    Task: Create a presentation titled "MyFirstPresentation" with:

    • At least 5 slides
    • Different slide layouts
    • Appropriate theme
    • Save it properly

    Expected Output: Saved presentation file demonstrating basic skills.

    Activity 6: Adding Multimedia Elements

    Task: Open your "MyFirstPresentation" and add:

    • 2 shapes with different colors
    • 1 clip art image
    • 1 photograph from your device
    • 1 video clip
    • 1 audio clip

    Expected Output: Enhanced presentation with all multimedia elements properly inserted.

    Activity 7: Animation Master

    Task: Open "MyFirstPresentation" and apply:

    • Slide transitions to all slides (different for each)
    • Custom animations to inserted objects
    • At least 3 different animation types (Entrance, Emphasis, Exit)
    • Set timing for automatic transitions

    Expected Output: Fully animated presentation demonstrating advanced skills.

    Activity 8: Educational Presentation

    Task: Choose a difficult lesson from any subject and create a multimedia presentation to help classmates understand it easily. Include pictures, charts, animations, sound clips, videos, different backgrounds, and slide transitions.

    Expected Output: Complete educational presentation (8-10 slides) meeting all quality standards.

    Activity 9: Green Computing Presentation

    Task: Research Green Computing and create a presentation including:

    • Animated title slide
    • Definition and importance
    • Images showing green practices
    • Video clip about e-waste
    • Audio narration
    • Navigation buttons
    • Conclusion slide

    Expected Output: Professional presentation on environmental topic (10-12 slides).

    Activity 10: Presentation Portfolio

    Task: Create a personal portfolio presentation showcasing:

    • Your academic achievements
    • Extracurricular activities
    • Skills and hobbies
    • Future goals
    • Photo gallery
    • Contact information
    Print handouts (3 slides per page) for distribution.

    Expected Output: Professional portfolio presentation with printed handouts.

    ❓ 20 Questions & Answers

    Q1: What is an electronic presentation?
    An electronic presentation is a multimedia presentation created using computer software that can include text, numbers, pictures, graphics, images, videos, tables, graphs, voice, and sound. It is displayed using multimedia projectors and allows for easy editing and updating of content.
    Q2: List three advantages of multimedia projectors over traditional presentation tools.
    Three advantages:
    1. Can display presentations created quickly on computers
    2. Ability to include multimedia content (audio, video, animations)
    3. Easy to edit and update content without recreating slides
    Q3: What is the ideal number of lines per slide and why?
    The ideal number of lines per slide is 6-9 lines. If more lines are added, it takes more time to read and the font size may become too small for the audience to see clearly from a distance.
    Q4: What is the recommended font size for presentations and why?
    The recommended font size is 32 points or larger. This size ensures that the audience can easily read the content from a distance, considering the space between the screen and the viewers.
    Q5: How many images, drawings, tables, or graphs should be included in each slide?
    It is recommended to include no more than 2 images, drawings, tables, or graphs per slide. Too many visual elements can confuse the audience and detract from the main message.
    Q6: Name three popular open-source presentation software.
    Three open-source presentation software:
    1. LibreOffice Impress - Document Foundation
    2. OpenOffice.org Impress - Apache Corporation
    3. Google Slides - Google (web-based)
    Q7: What is the difference between Slide Pane and Workspace in PowerPoint?
    Slide Pane: The vertical panel on the left side showing thumbnail views of all slides. Used for navigation and slide organization.

    Workspace: The main central area where you create, edit, and design individual slides. This is where the actual content creation happens.
    Q8: What are the four view modes available in PowerPoint?
    Four view modes:
    1. Normal View: Default editing view for creating presentations
    2. Slide Sorter View: Shows all slides as thumbnails for easy reordering
    3. Reading View: Preview slides clearly before presenting
    4. Slide Show: Full-screen presentation mode (F5 key)
    Q9: What is the purpose of the Notes Pane?
    The Notes Pane is used to insert speaker notes or additional information about a slide. These notes are not visible to the audience during the presentation but help the presenter remember key points or additional details to mention.
    Q10: What are the five components of the Tasks Pane in LibreOffice Impress?
    Five Tasks Pane components:
    1. Master Pages: Choose presentation styles and themes
    2. Layouts: Select from saved slide layouts
    3. Table Design: Styling options for tables
    4. Custom Animation: Add, change, or remove animations
    5. Slide Transition: Control slide transition effects
    Q11: How do you insert a shape in MS PowerPoint?
    Steps to insert a shape:
    1. Go to Insert tab
    2. Click Shapes in the Illustrations group
    3. Select desired shape from dropdown menu
    4. Click and drag on the slide to create the shape
    5. Resize using corner handles as needed
    Q12: What is the difference between Slide Transition and Animation?
    Slide Transition: The effect that occurs when moving from one slide to another (e.g., Fade, Push, Wipe). Applies to the entire slide.

    Animation: Effects applied to individual objects within a slide (text, images, shapes) to control how they appear, emphasize, or exit (e.g., Fly In, Bounce, Fade).
    Q13: How do you insert a video in LibreOffice Impress?
    Steps to insert video:
    1. Go to Insert menu
    2. Select Movie and Sound
    3. Browse and select the video file from dialog box
    4. Click to place video on slide
    5. Resize video to required size
    6. Optionally apply animations to the video
    Q14: What should you consider when using colors in presentations?
    Color considerations:
    • Use dark colors and bold text for emphasis
    • Avoid using intense colors (like dark red) throughout as they strain eyes
    • Use red sparingly for important points only
    • Ensure good contrast between background and foreground colors
    • Be consistent with color scheme throughout presentation
    • Consider accessibility for color-blind viewers
    Q15: What are the three options for inserting audio in PowerPoint?
    Three audio insertion options:
    1. Audio from File: Insert an existing audio file from computer or external storage
    2. Clip Art Audio: Use built-in sound effects from the software library
    3. Record Audio: Record audio directly using a microphone and save to presentation
    Q16: How do you save a presentation in MS PowerPoint?
    Steps to save:
    1. Click File menu
    2. Select Save As
    3. Choose folder location (e.g., My Documents)
    4. Enter file name in the text box
    5. Click Save button
    The presentation is saved in the selected location.
    Q17: What are placeholders in presentation software?
    Placeholders are pre-formatted areas on a slide marked with text like "CLICK TO ADD TITLE" or "CLICK TO ADD TEXT". They indicate where content should be placed and automatically format the text according to the slide layout. Clicking on a placeholder allows you to directly enter text, images, or other content.
    Q18: What is the purpose of handouts and how are they useful?
    Handouts are printed versions of presentation slides (multiple slides per page - typically 2, 3, 4, 6, or 9).

    Benefits:
    • Provide reference material for audience
    • Allow note-taking beside slides during presentation
    • Help audience remember key points
    • Useful for absent participants
    • Save paper by printing multiple slides per page
    Q19: What is Green Computing and why is it important in presentations?
    Green Computing is the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers and related systems efficiently with minimal environmental impact.

    Importance in presentations:
    • Print only necessary handouts to save paper
    • Use digital distribution instead of printing
    • Optimize file sizes to reduce energy consumption
    • Turn off projectors when not in use
    • Share presentations electronically
    • Recycle or reuse old presentation materials
    Q20: What are the four types of animations available in LibreOffice Impress?
    Four animation types in LibreOffice Impress:
    1. Entrance: Controls how objects appear on the slide (e.g., Fly In, Fade In, Zoom)
    2. Emphasis: Draws attention to objects already on slide (e.g., Pulse, Grow, Color Change)
    3. Exit: Controls how objects leave the slide (e.g., Fly Out, Fade Out, Disappear)
    4. Motion Paths: Makes objects move along specific paths on the slide (e.g., lines, curves, custom paths)

    📋 Chapter Summary

    Key Takeaways:

    • Electronic presentations are modern tools for sharing information using multimedia content
    • Quality presentations follow guidelines: 6-9 lines, 32pt+ font, max 2 images per slide
    • Popular software includes PowerPoint (proprietary) and Impress (open source)
    • Understanding interface components helps efficient presentation creation
    • Multimedia elements (text, images, audio, video) enhance engagement
    • Proper use of animations and transitions improves presentation flow
    • Consider target audience and maintain focus on objectives
    • Handouts provide valuable reference material for audiences
    • Green computing practices should be applied to presentation creation
    • Practice and creativity lead to professional presentations

    🎓 Study Tips:

    • Practice creating presentations regularly to master the software
    • Watch presentations critically to learn effective techniques
    • Always check spelling and grammar before presenting
    • Test your presentation on actual equipment before important events
    • Keep backup copies of presentations in multiple locations
    • Ask for feedback to improve your presentation skills
    • Explore advanced features as you gain confidence